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1.
Microsc Res Tech ; 87(2): 403-407, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877624

RESUMO

The histology of blood vessels shows they are structured in three layers or tunics: tunica intima, which includes the internal limiting lamina with high elastin content; tunica media of smooth muscles fibers of circular disposition, which includes the external limiting lamina; and tunica adventitia of connective tissue. The vascular system is essential in regulating body temperature, especially in the scrotum and testis. This study aimed to analyze the histology of the scrotal arteries and their possible relationship to testicular temperature homeostasis. This study used scrotal samples from human adults, anonymized and obtained from the University of Chile's teaching bank. The control group corresponds to an arteriole of muscle tissue. The results show that the middle layer of the scrotal artery is made up of smooth muscle fibers distributed in two layers: a longitudinal inner sublayer and a circular outer sublayer, different from the findings in muscle tissue arteries, with a single, circularly arranged muscle layer. This arrangement could be related to testicular temperature homeostasis by reducing the temperature of the testis and seminiferous tubules. The results described in this work suggest that these anatomical adaptations may be very significant in the face of the constant increase in global temperature. Further and better research is required to understand the mechanisms of thermoregulation in human reproduction and the histological particularities of the tissues that form the scrotum. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The human scrotal artery has a histological composition adapted for regulation of testicular temperature. The muscular double middle layer of the scrotal artery retains intravascular temperature.


Assuntos
Túnica Adventícia , Escroto , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Escroto/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Temperatura , Testículo/fisiologia , Artérias/fisiologia , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(5): 1558-1563, oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521033

RESUMO

SUMMARY: In solid and malignant tumors, innate and adaptive immunity are combined in antitumor responses. This study aimed to analyze the activation of plasma cells and the correlation between the infiltration of B and T lymphocytes with the degree of malignancy or Gleason grade in human prostate biopsies diagnosed with cancer. Prostate cancer biopsies were obtained from the Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile (n=70), according to the bioethical norms of the institution. Histological sections of 5µm thickness were processed for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against BL and total TL (HRP/DAB). Recognition and quantification were performed under a Leica DM750 optical microscope. Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software were used for the statistical study. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) and mean comparison tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) and p≤ 0.05 were developed. B and T lymphocyte populations were inversely interregulated in prostate cancer (Gleason) (r= -0.46). Their relationship with Gleason grade is variable according to lymphocyte type (LB vs. Gleason r= -0.0.47 and LT vs. Gleason r= -0.21). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer correlates with a predominance of LT. The malignancy of the pathology correlates with a predominance of LTs, according to the Gleason grade. The increased knowledge of B and T lymphocyte infiltration and plasma cell activation could be used to better target clinical trials on treatments based on immune system responses. Immunotherapy could be a new paradigm to apply better antitumor therapy strategies.


En tumores sólidos y malignos, la inmunidad innata y adaptativa se combinan en respuestas antitumorales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la activación de células plasmáticas y la correlación entre la infiltración de linfocitos B y T con el grado de malignidad o grado de Gleason en biopsias de próstata humana diagnosticadas con cáncer. Las biopsias de cáncer de próstata se obtuvieron del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (n=70), de acuerdo con las normas bioéticas de la institución. Secciones histológicas de 5 µm de espesor fueron procesadas para inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos primarios contra LB y LT total (HRP/DAB). El reconocimiento y las cuantificaciones se realizaron bajo un microscopio óptico Leica DM750. Para el estudio estadístico se utilizaron los programas Microsoft Excel y GraphPad. Se desarrollaron pruebas de coeficiente de correlación (Pearson) y comparación de medias (Kruskal-Wallis y Dunn) y p≤ 0.05. Los resultados muestran que las poblaciones de linfocitos B y T están inversamente interreguladas en el cáncer de próstata (r= -0,4578). Su relación con el grado de Gleason es variable según el tipo de linfocito (LB vs Gleason r= -0,47* y LT vs Gleason r= -0,21). Se concluye que la malignidad del cáncer de próstata se correlaciona con un predominio de LT, versus el grado de Gleason. El mayor conocimiento de la infiltración de linfocitos B y T y la activación de células plasmáticas podría aprovecharse para una mejor orientación de ensayos clínicos en tratamientos basados en las respuestas del sistema inmunitario. La inmunoterapia podría ser un nuevo paradigma para aplicar mejores estrategias de terapias antitumorales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Plasmócitos , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Linfócitos T , Biópsia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfócitos B , Imunomodulação , Gradação de Tumores , Microscopia
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 882-887, Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124870

RESUMO

The different pathologies of the prostate, involve the presence of a new microenvironment where inflammatory cells are actively recruited. This research explores the presence of mast cells and eosinophils associated with age and the evaluation of prostate cancer progress (Gleason Index). Forty two biopsies of anonymized patients, with confirmed prostate cancer, were used for histological analysis for eosinophils and mast cells and subsequent determination of Gleason index according to age. The results of the histological analyzes show the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in prostate biopsies with confirmed cancer. In the multiple correlation studies, a high correlation was observed between the presence of lymphocytes and the age of the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer, same correlation was observed between the patient's age and higher Gleason Index (Pearson and Spearman p< 0.05). It is concluded that in prostate biopsies from Chilean patients with confirmed cancer, eosinophilia and tissue mastocytosis were observed. Correlation analyzes show a direct correlation between older patients, higher Gleason index and presence of mast cell. Regarding eosinophilia, only a correlation between age and Gleason index was observed Further studies are suggested to determine that the presence of eosinophils and mast cells can be used as early bioindicators of prostate cancer.


Las diferentes patologías de próstata, involucran la presencia de un nuevo microambiente donde las células inflamatorias son activamente reclutadas. La presente investigación explora la presencia de mastocitos y eosinófilos asociadas a la edad y la evaluación del progreso del cáncer de próstata según índice de Gleason. Cuarenta y dos biopsias de pacientes anonimizados, con cáncer prostático confirmados, fueron utilizadas para su análisis histológico para eosinófilos y mastocitos y posterior determinación del índice de Gleason según edad. Los resultados de los análisis histológicos, muestran la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos en biopsias de próstata con cáncer confirmado. En los estudios de correlación múltiple, se observó una alta correlación entre la presencia de linfocitos, mastocitos y la edad del paciente diagnosticado con cáncer prostático, igual correlación se observó entre la edad del paciente y mayor índice de Gleason (Pearson y Spearman p<0,05). Se concluyó que en las biopsias de próstata de pacientes chilenos con cáncer confirmado, se observó eosinofilia y mastocitosis tisular. Los análisis de correlación muestran una correlación directa entre pacientes de mayor edad, índice de Gleason más alto y la presencia de mastocitos. Con respecto a la eosinofilia, solo se observó una correlación entre la edad y el índice de Gleason. Se sugieren estudios adicionales para determinar que la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos puede usarse como bioindicadores tempranos del cáncer de próstata.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Mastocitose/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Chile , Fatores Etários , Eosinofilia/patologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Gradação de Tumores
4.
Educ. med. (Ed. impr.) ; 19(1): 2-8, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194842

RESUMO

Neuroanatómicamente, con la estimulación temprana, la experiencia vivida y los intereses personales cada individuo desarrolla los procesos y competencias para aprender a modo de estilos de aprendizaje. El test de Kolb evalúa las formas de aprender de cada persona. Su conocimiento facilita la adaptación de estrategias de enseñanza/aprendizaje según los estilos de aprendizaje, como también poner atención en alumnos con estilos de aprendizaje diferentes al de la cohorte. OBJETIVOS: Conocer los estilos de aprendizaje y su distribución en alumnos de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El test de Kolb se aplica a estudiantes ingresados a la carrera de Medicina (segundo semestre) con una explicación previa breve. Se consideraron 101 estudiantes. Paralelamente se preguntó por origen geográfico, procedencia escolar preuniversitaria y edad. Los datos fueron tabulados en Excel y analizados con Stata 11.0. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron las respuestas del Test de Estilos de Aprendizaje de 101 estudiantes; la edad promedio fue de 18,9±1,2años. El 62,4% son de sexo masculino, el 64,3% provienen de colegios particulares pagados, 3 de cada 5 estudiantes provienen de la región metropolitana. Respecto a la forma de comprender y la experiencia del aprender, la mayoría lo hace por conceptualización abstracta (84,2%) y de modo de transformar la experiencia. En la mayoría de los casos se realiza por medio de la experiencia activa. En general el estilo de aprendizaje más frecuente es convergente (50,5%). En la forma en cómo perciben o cómo procesan lo aprendido no existe diferencia significativa según género (p≤0,05)


Neuro-anatomically, with early stimulation, lived experience and personal interests, each individual develops the processes and skills to learn according to a mode of learning styles. Kolb's essay evaluates each person's ways of learning. Their knowledge helps in the adaptation of teaching/learning strategies according to the learning styles, as well as taking into account students with learning styles different from the cohort or are special. OBJECTIVES: To determine the learning styles and their distribution in the medical students of the University of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHOD: After giving a brief explanation, the Kolb test was applied to 101 students admitted to the medical school (second semester). At the same time, questions were asked about geographic origin, pre-university background, and age. The data were tabulated in Excel and analysed using Stata 11.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An analysis was made of the responses of the Learning Styles Test of 101 students with a mean age of 18.9±1.2years, of which 62.4% were male, 64.3% came from fee-paying private schools, and 3 out of 5 students came from the metropolitan region. As regards, the way of understanding and the experience of learning, the majority did by abstract conceptualization (84.2%) and by the transforming of experience method. In most cases it is done through active experience. In general, the most frequent learning style is Convergent (50.5%). There was no significant difference by gender (P<.05) in the way in which they are perceived or how they process what is learned


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Médica/métodos , Aprendizagem/classificação , Compreensão/classificação , Testes de Memória e Aprendizagem , Chile , Curva de Aprendizado , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Feedback Formativo
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